Thin-Film
Solar cell technology in which extremely thin semiconductor layers are deposited onto a substrate material.
Also known as: Thin-Film Module, Thin-Film Solar Cell
What Is Thin-Film Technology?
Thin-film solar cells consist of very thin semiconductor layers (a few micrometres) deposited onto a substrate such as glass, metal, or flexible foil. Unlike crystalline cells, no solid silicon wafer is required.
Materials
| Type | Abbreviation | Module Efficiency |
|---|---|---|
| Cadmium telluride | CdTe | 15—19% |
| Copper indium gallium selenide | CIGS | 14—17% |
| Amorphous silicon | a-Si | 8—12% |
Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages:
- Better performance under diffuse light and high temperatures
- Flexible modules possible (e.g. for facades or curved surfaces)
- Lower material consumption in manufacturing
- Uniform, homogeneous appearance
Disadvantages:
- Lower efficiency than crystalline modules
- Greater area required per kWp
- Some problematic materials (cadmium)
Applications
Thin-film modules are particularly suited for facade integration (BIPV), large open areas with low land costs, and applications requiring flexible or lightweight modules.
Practical Tip
For typical residential roof systems, crystalline modules are preferable due to their higher efficiency. Thin-film is attractive when special form factors or architectural integration are required.
Related Terms
Solar Cell
Semiconductor device that converts sunlight directly into electrical current through the photoelectric effect.
Monocrystalline
Solar cell type made from single-crystal silicon with high efficiency and a characteristically dark, uniform surface.
Efficiency
Ratio of usable electrical energy to incident solar energy -- indicates the effectiveness of a solar cell or system.
Perovskite
Novel semiconductor material class for solar cells with high efficiency potential and simple manufacturing.