Inverter
Converts the direct current (DC) generated by solar modules into grid-compliant alternating current (AC).
Also known as: Solar Inverter, PV Inverter
What Is an Inverter?
An inverter is the central electronic component of a photovoltaic system. It converts the direct current (DC) generated by the solar modules into alternating current (AC) that can be used in the household or fed into the electricity grid.
How It Works
The inverter uses power electronics (IGBTs or MOSFETs) to convert DC voltage into a sinusoidal AC voltage at 230 V and 50 Hz. Modern inverters achieve an efficiency of 96—98%.
Types of Inverters
- String inverter: Multiple modules connected in series, one central inverter
- Microinverter: One small inverter per module
- Hybrid inverter: Combines PV inverter with battery charger
Key Specifications
| Metric | Typical Value |
|---|---|
| European efficiency | 95—98% |
| MPP voltage range | 150—800 V DC |
| Lifespan | 10—15 years |
| Warranty | 5—12 years |
Practical Tip
When selecting an inverter, the DC/AC ratio (ratio of module power to inverter power) should be considered. A slight oversizing of the modules (ratio 1.1—1.2) is common and economically sensible.
Related Terms
String Inverter
Central inverter that converts the direct current from one or more series-connected module strings into alternating current.
Microinverter
Small inverter mounted directly on a single solar module, converting DC to AC on a per-module basis.
Hybrid Inverter
Inverter that combines PV electricity generation, battery storage, and grid feed-in in a single device.
MPP Tracker
Electronic control in the inverter that continuously finds and optimises the Maximum Power Point of the solar modules.
Efficiency
Ratio of usable electrical energy to incident solar energy -- indicates the effectiveness of a solar cell or system.