MPP Tracker

What Is an MPP Tracker?

An MPP tracker (Maximum Power Point Tracker) is an electronic control system integrated into every inverter. It ensures that the solar modules always operate at their optimal working point, where the maximum electrical power is extracted.

How It Works

The power output of a solar module depends on the voltage at which it is operated. There is exactly one point on the current-voltage curve — the Maximum Power Point (MPP) — where the product of current and voltage is at its maximum. The MPP tracker continuously varies the operating voltage and adjusts it to changing conditions such as irradiance and temperature.

Why Multiple MPP Trackers?

Modern string inverters often have two or more independent MPP trackers. This is important when:

• Modules are installed on different roof areas
• Parts of the system are shaded differently
• Modules with different tilt or orientation are installed

Each MPP tracker optimises its string independently.

Typical Algorithms

Method	Description
Perturb & Observe (P&O)	Incrementally adjusts voltage, observes power change
Incremental Conductance	Compares changes in current and voltage
Global MPP Scan	Searches for the global maximum under partial shading

Practical Tip

When selecting an inverter, the number of MPP trackers should match the roof layout. Two MPP trackers are sufficient for most residential roofs.