PERC
Passivated Emitter and Rear Cell -- cell technology with an additional passivation layer on the rear side for higher efficiency.
Also known as: PERC Cell, Passivated Emitter and Rear Cell
What Is PERC?
PERC stands for “Passivated Emitter and Rear Cell” and describes an advancement of the classic silicon solar cell. An additional dielectric passivation layer on the cell rear reduces recombination losses and increases efficiency.
How It Works
In a standard solar cell, charge carriers are lost at the rear through recombination. PERC technology adds a passivation layer (e.g. aluminium oxide, Al2O3) that:
- Minimises recombination at the rear
- Reflects long-wavelength light back into the cell
- Increases efficiency by 1—2 percentage points over standard BSF cells
Key Specifications
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Cell efficiency | 22—24% |
| Module efficiency | 20—22% |
| Market share (2024) | approx. 60% (declining) |
| Price level | Most affordable high-performance technology |
PERC vs. Newer Technologies
PERC was the dominant cell technology from approximately 2018 to 2023. It is increasingly being replaced by TOPCon, which achieves higher efficiencies with modest additional manufacturing effort. HJT and tandem cells are further successor technologies.
Practical Tip
PERC modules offer excellent value for money and remain a solid choice. For maximum efficiency, however, TOPCon or HJT modules should be considered.
Related Terms
Solar Cell
Semiconductor device that converts sunlight directly into electrical current through the photoelectric effect.
Monocrystalline
Solar cell type made from single-crystal silicon with high efficiency and a characteristically dark, uniform surface.
TOPCon
Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact -- advanced cell technology with a tunnel oxide layer achieving efficiencies above 24%.
HJT (Heterojunction)
Heterojunction cell technology combining crystalline and amorphous silicon, achieving very high efficiencies.
Efficiency
Ratio of usable electrical energy to incident solar energy -- indicates the effectiveness of a solar cell or system.